SUMMARY OF CURRENT
-
Definition of electric current: power call
the movement of charges (electrons) inside a conductor.
For if there is power in a conductor is necessary
among
ends there is a potential difference . ( The difference
potential between two points on a driver
can be defined as the work required to carry the load
drive from one point to another).
The electrical current is measured by the intensity
current (I )
which is defined as the charge that passes through
section of a conductor per unit of time. It is measured in amperes
(A). If the direction of the intensity is constant, the current is called continuous
-
I
= q / t (if I = cte)
I
generator (battery )
lineata
de conexión
e -
interruptor
receptor
The
electrons move through the circuit from the point
lower potential (pole - ) at higher
potential (pole +), although the direction of flow is
backwards.
-
Concept
resistance (R) : is a measure of the opposition
offering a conductor to passage of current.
is measured in ohms (W ).
resistance depends on the nature of the conductor
( r = resistivity) and its
geometric (length L, section S)
R = r L / S
| The |
-
Association of resistors
a)
Serial A
R 1 C
R 2 B
I
= common;
V AC +V CB =V AB ; .
R = R 1 + R 2
.
b)
En paralelo A
B
I
= I 1
+ I 2
; AB V = common;
-
Measures electrical quantities : To measure the intensity
flowing through a circuit using the ammeter
and placed in series, but instead to measure the potential
differential between the terminals of a circuit element is used
voltmeter and placed in parallel
with the item.
-
Generators:
are the devices that provide the energy needed to
maintain the potential difference between ends a
driver, with the goal of electric current in the circuit
permanent. The energy supplied by the generator to the
unit charge passing through it
is called electromotive force (emf) and is measured in volts. and
= W / q .
The generators are associated
:
and 1
and 2
a)
Serial :
and and = 1 +
and 2 r = R
1 + r 2
R 1
R 2 and 1, R
1
b) In parallel
and
= and 1 = and 2
(for generators equal)
and 2, r
2
-
receivers (eg engines) : are devices that consume electrical energy
transforming it into another type of energy.
The power consumed by a receiver unit load
called force (emf) and is measured in volts and '
= W' / q
-
generalized Ohm's Law
. If there
external resistors, generators and motors
is expressed by:
-
Energy supplied or consumed by each circuit element:
-
E. produced by generators
= W = and q = e
I t
-
E. consumed by the generators
I = W = 2
rt
-
E.
consumed by W = heat engines + Mechanical = I 2
r 't + e ' t I
-
E.
consumed by the external resistance R = W =
2 R t
The energy consumed by the resistance usually emerges in
as heat ( Law Joule ):
as 1J = 0.24 cal ®
Q = 0.24 I
2 R t
-
The power of each
circuit element:
calculated by dividing the work between the time: example:
power produced by generators: P = W / t = and
q / t = and
I
-
To calculate the potential difference between two points on a circuit : V A
± is _
is '_
SI R SI _ r _
SI r' = V B
where A is the point
before the effect of the intensity
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