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Practice 7. Factors influencing friction solutions

STUDY OF THE FRICTION FORCE

Objective.

study the characteristics of the friction force with
surfaces. See whether or not depends on the contact surface,
weight and / or the characteristics of the materials that compose
.

Material.

- Dynamometer.

- Smooth surfaces of different materials.

- wooden blocks of different shapes.

theoretical basis

The frictional force is a force that always opposes motion
. In this case we study the frictional force between surfaces
. The friction force depends on the press a
body against another and the surface characteristics of contact
. The force that makes the object on the ground in a horizontal plane
equals weight in magnitude and opposite direction. In an inclined plane
this force is equal to P _n (
vertical component of weight). Normal is called ( N ) when
perpendicular to the surface. The other factor upon which the frictional force
is the coefficient of friction μ ,
which is determined by the characteristics
of surfaces and its value is experimentally since
depends on many factors such as roughness,
type of materials, surface defects ...

therefore the friction force is expressed by: Fr = μ • N
(Newton)

Notes μ is dimensionless.

operating method

1. 
   Put the piece of wood supported by more
   face on a given surface area.
   then hooked the dynamometer to taco and put it horizontal.
   Then we always pulling horizontally
   dynamometer seeing what mark when it begins to move the whole
   . Once you start moving, keep trying to pull
   movement speed is uniform (v = constant) and we scored
   marking the dynamometer. Make 3
   measures and calculate the mean value.

   
   

2. 
   repeat the same process with the lower part of the taco
   surface.

   
   

3. 
   repeat points 1 and 2 ° but
   other contact surfaces.

   
   

4. 
   then weighs the wooden block (the dynamometer
   you better). With the calculated weight know what it is Normal (N).
   then calculates for each measure the value of μ.

   
   

calculations and results and conclusions.

With the measurements obtained complete the following table:

Cara taco	M easure 1 (N)	M easure 2 (N)	M easure 3 (N)	M easure 4 (N)	Average	Normal (N)	coefficient μ
Mayor
Menor

issues and conclusions.

1. 
   Does it depend on the friction force of the contact surface
   ? Explain it.

   
   

2. 
   If the object moves faster, keeping constant
   during the journey, "will depend somewhat
   friction force being higher, lower or equal ?

   
   

3. 
   By changing the type of surface contact, how the force varies
   friction while the block is the same? Why
   what?

   
   

4. 
   If aumentásemos body mass, how
   adjust the force of friction?

   
   

Can I Feel Wet Before Periods

Practice 7. Factors influencing friction

STUDY OF THE FRICTION FORCE

Objective.

study the characteristics of the friction force with
surfaces. See whether or not depends on the contact surface,
weight and / or characteristics of the materials that compose
.

Material.

- Dynamometer.

- Smooth surfaces of different materials.

- wooden blocks of different shapes.

theoretical basis

The frictional force is a force that always opposes motion
. In this case we study the frictional force between surfaces
. The friction force depends on the
pushes a body with another and the characteristics of
contact surfaces. The force that makes the object on the ground in a horizontal plane
equals weight in magnitude and opposite direction. In an inclined plane
this force is equal to P _n (
vertical component of weight). Normal is called ( N ) when
perpendicular to the surface. The other factor upon which the frictional force
is the coefficient of friction μ ,
which is determined by the characteristics of
surfaces and its experimental value, as dependent
many factors such as roughness, type of
materials surface defects ...

therefore the friction force is expressed by: Fr = μ • N
(Newton)

Note that μ is dimensionless.

operating method

1. 
   Put the piece of wood supported by more
   face on a given surface area. Then
   block hooked to the dyno and put it horizontal.
   Then we always pulling horizontally
   dynamometer seeing what mark when it begins to move the whole
   . Once you start moving, keep trying to pull
   movement speed is uniform (v = constant) and we scored
   marking the dynamometer. Make 3
   measures and calculate the mean value.

   
   

2. 
   repeat the same process with the lower part of the taco
   surface.

   
   

3. 
   repeat points 1 and 2 ° but
   other contact surfaces.

   
   

4. 
   then weighs the wooden block (the dynamometer
   you better). With the calculated weight know what it is Normal (N).
   then calculates for each measure μ value.

   
   

Calculations and results and conclusions.

With the measurements obtained complete the following table:

Cara taco	M easure 1 (N)	M easure 2 (N)	M easure 3 (N)	M easure 4 (N)	Average	Normal (N)	coefficient μ
Mayor
Menor

issues and conclusions.

1. 
   Does it depend on the friction force of the contact surface
   ? Explain it.

   
   

2. 
   If the object moves faster, keeping constant
   during the journey, "will depend somewhat
   friction force being higher, lower or the same?

   
   

3. 
   By changing the type of surface contact, can vary
   the force of friction while the block is the same? Why
   what?

   
   

4. 
   If aumentásemos body mass, how
   adjust the force of friction?

   
   

Important Events Of Soccer

-1 º Bachillerato

1

PROBLEMS
Solutions

1. What
   _{amount of ZnCl 2} needed to prepare
   3L 0.32 M solution? Atomic masses: Zn = 65.3 u; Cl = 35.5 u.
   Sun: 130.84 g.

   
   

2. 7g is
   KCl dissolved in 51g of water. What is the concentration of this solution
   in% by mass? Sun:
   12'07%.

   
   

3. 
   How many grams of NaOH are there in 50cm 3 0'6M
   dissolution of it? Na = 23U, H = 1u, O = 16U. Sun: 1'2g

   
   

4. 
   is a solution prepared by mixing 90g water and 92g of ethyl alcohol
   CH 3 CH 2 OH. Find:
   a) proximate concentration of alcohol in water, b) moles of alcohol
   c) molality of the solution if the alcohol is the solute
   . Sun: 50'55%, 2 moles; 22'2 molal.

   
   

5. 
   Calculate the grams of glucose (C 6 _{H 12 O} 6)
   that must be dissolved in water 200g
   to prepare a 0.2 molal solution. Sun: 7.2 g.

   
   

6. 
   It has a nickel sulfate solution (II) to
   6% by mass. Calculate the molarity of this solution
   knowing its density is 1.06 g / mL. Ni = 58.5 u; S = 32U, O = 16U Sun: 0.41 M.

   
   

7. 
   Calculate the molarity, normality, molality and mole fraction of solute
   an aqueous solution
   nitric acid to 33.50% by mass and density 1.2 g / mL. Sun: 6.38 M, 6.38 N, 8mm, 0.126.

   
   

8. 
   have a solution _{2N H 2 S} density 0.95 g / mL. Halla
   concentration: g / L, molarity,% by mass, molality
   , Xs and Xd. Sun: 34g / L, 1M, 3.58%, 1.09 molal, 0.02 and 0.98.
   

   
   

9. 
   Calculate the concentration in mass%
   a solution of ethyl alcohol (CH 3 ₂ CH OH) in water, knowing that
   Xs = 0.207. Atomic mass C = 12u, O = 16U, H = 1u.
   Sun: 40%

   
   

10. We
    5M solution of sodium sulfate and 250mL
    want to prepare for another that is 75% and density 0.75 g / mL. a) What volume of solution
    5M we take?; B) How
    the prepare yourself? Na atomic mass = 23, S = 32 O = 16.
    Sun: 198mL.

    
    

11. The
    commercial sulfuric acid has a density of
    1.84 g / mL and a concentration of 18.1 M. a) Calculate his wealth
    in percent by mass; b) How many mL of the solution above
    will be needed to prepare 2L
    0.4 N solution? Sun: 96.4%, 22.1 mL.

    
    

colligative properties of solutions:

12. The radiator
    a car contains 6L water and supplemented with 4kg
    _{glycol CH 2 OH-CH} 2 OH (M = 62U).
    want to know the temperature at which freeze the mixture. Kc = 1.86. Sun:
    -20 º C.

    
    

13. 
    A solution containing 4.5 g of a substance in water 125g
    frozen at - 0.372 ° C. Calculated molecular mass of solute
    . Kc = 1.86. Sun: 180u

    
    

14. 
    Calculate the freezing temperature of a solution
    produced by dissolving 10 g of sucrose (M = 342u) in 500 g of water.
    Kc = 1.86. Sun:  0.11 º C
    

    
    

15. The
    Nicotine is a compound of formula empirical
    (C 5 H 7 N) n. Find its molecular formula
    knowing that
    dissolve 0.5 g of the substance in 12g of water, the resulting solution
    boils at 100.14 ° C at normal pressure. Ke = 0.52. C = 12u, 14u
    N =, H = 1u Sun: C _{10 H 14 N} 2.

    
    

16. mix is \u200b\u200b
    ^{150cm 3} of hydroxide solution 2M Sodium
    with 50cm 3 other
    0.5 M solution of the base. Follows the molarity of the resulting solution.
    Sun: 1.625 M.

    
    

STOICHIOMETRY

17. In the combustion of 42
    
    g carbon dioxide occurs. What volume in CN
    oxygen and air are needed? What
    amount of carbon dioxide is obtained?
    Air has a 21% oxygen. Atomic weights C = 12u, O = 16U. Sun:
    78.4 L of oxygen, air 373'3L; 154g CO 2 .

    
    

18. Al
    heating potassium chlorate gets oxygen and potassium chloride
    . a) Calculate the grams of potassium chlorate needed
    for oxygen 2L in normal conditions;
    c) How many grams of potassium chloride have been found?
    d) What kind of reaction is? Data:
    atomic mass-cas: Cl = 35'5u; K = 39u, O = 16U. Sun: b)
    7'29 g of KClO 3 c) 4'43 g of KCl, d)
    decomposition.
    

    
    

19. 
    Find the volume of air that cn needed for combustion
    total of 1 kg of coal for 84% of wealth in coal.
    What volume of carbon dioxide at 127 º C and 760 mm pressure
    has occurred? The air is 21% oxygen
    . Sun: 7466.67 L air;
    _{2296L CO 2} .

    
    

20. Halla
    the purity of a sample containing ammonium sulfate, knowing that if taken
    13'61 g and treated with excess caustic soda
    3'82 liters of ammonia off
    measured at 18 ° C and 745 mm of mercury. Atomic mass S = 32U;
    O = 16U; N = 14u; H = 1u. Sun : 76%.

    
    

21. 10g is
    reacted aluminum oxide with excess hydrochloric acid and obtained
    25g of aluminum chloride .
    estimated yield of the reaction. Atomic masses: Al = 27U;
    O = 16U and Cl = 35.5 u. Sun: 95.5%

    
    

22. The
    reaction between sodium chloride and silver nitrate gives rise to chloride
    silver and sodium nitrate. Assuming that the reaction takes place
    a yield of 65% and we want to obtain 80.04 g
    silver chloride, a) what
    amount of sodium chloride is required? b) What if
    sodium chloride were of a purity of 20%. M: atomic mass:
    Na = 23U; Cl = 35'5u and Ag = 108u, Sun : a) 50'2
    g NaCl, b) 251 g of sample

    
    

23. 
    How many grams of sulfuric acid 90% of wealth
    need to obtain 1 kg of calcium sulfate by reaction
    with slaked lime Ca (OH ) ₂ ? S = 32U atomic masses,
    Ca = 40U, H = O = 1U and 16U. Sun: 800'65 g.

    
    

24. Al
    add calcium hydride occurs on water and calcium hydroxide
    shows a gas. a) Write the reaction that takes place
    . b) Calculate the grams of calcium hydride of 87% purity
    that would be required for 2000 L of gas at 25 °
    C and 720 mm Hg. M. atomic H = 1u, Ca = 40U. Sun: 1871.55 g
    _{CaH 2} .

    
    

25. 
    Calculate the grams of calcium carbide (CaC 2 ) that
    can be obtained from calcium oxide, with 1000 g of carbon 90% of wealth
    if the reaction yield is 70%.
    What volume of carbon dioxide is obtained
    CN? Atomic masses: C = 12u, Ca = 40U. Sun: 1344 g;
    235.2 L.

    
    

26. Find
    the volume of gaseous hydrochloric acid is
    cn obtained by reacting with sulfuric acid
    a sample of 500 g of salt formed in 30% potassium chloride and 70% of
    sodium chloride. Data: atomic masses: Cl = 35'5u;
    Na = 23U; K = 39u. Sun: 179.12 liters.
    

    
    

27. 
    A 1g sample consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate
    , treated with acid hydrochloric
    get a mixture of 1.092 g sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
    Calculate the initial mixture composition in per cent of each component
    . Atomic masses: Na = 23U, C = 12u;
    O = 16U; Cl = 35.5 u; K = 39u. Sun: 50% of each.
    

    
    

28. What
    sulfuric acid may be obtained from 100g
    pyrite. The reactions are unadjusted:
    FeS 2 + O 2  Fe 2 _{O 3 + SO}
    2, SO 2 _{+ O 2 } SO ₃ ;
    _{SO 3 + H} 2 O  _{H 2 SO} 4.
    atomic masses and Fe S = 32U = 56U. Sun : 163.3 g.

    
    

29. The hydrochloric acid
    reacts with silver nitrate
    forming silver chloride and nitric acid.
    Calculate the grams of silver chloride to be formed if
    react completely 25mL of hydrochloric acid solution 2M
    . Atomic mass: Ag = 108u, Cl = 35.5 u.
    Sun: 7.175 g.

    
    

30. 
    reacted was 12 g calcium carbonate
    with excess hydrochloric acid. Calculate: a) The volume of CO
    2 at 20 ° C and 0.9 atmospheres.
    b) The amount of calcium chloride obtained. c) The volume of HCl solution
    16% by mass and density 1.25 g / mL
    be used. d) What kind of reaction
    belong? Data: atomic masses: Ca = 40U; O = 16U, C = 12u;
    Cl = 35.5 u. Sun: a) 3'2 l; b) 13'32 g.
    c) 43.8 mL.

    
    

31. For
    reaction of zinc with AC. hydrochloric
    get zinc and hydrogen chloride. a) What kind of reaction
    is it? b) What volume of hydrochloric acid
    55% by mass and density 1.5 g / mL,
    must react with an excess of zinc to produce
    50L of hydrogen, measured at 32 º C and 760mm Hg. Atomic masses:
    S = 32U; O = 16U, H = 1u. Sun: 177 mL

    
    

32. In
    a flask of 1 liter of oxygen is 0.05 moles and 0.05 moles of hydrogen
    . A spark is produced
    and liquid water. Calculate: a) The moles of water formed, b)
    How many moles of gas remain without reacting? c) What
    is the pressure inside the flask at 0 ° C? d) Indicates the type of reaction
    . Sun:
    a) 0.05 moles of water; b) 0.025 moles; c) 0'56
    atmospheres.
    

    
    

33. 
    is reacted a mixture of 48g of S and 78.4 g of Fe to produce iron sulfide
    (II) Indicates a) Is there any
    excess reagent?, b) How many grams of ferrous sulphide will
    ? Atomic mass data S = 32U; Fe = 56U. Sun :
    a) Excess of 3.2 g of sulfur., B) 123'2 g FeS.

    
    

34. burning desire is
    78.4 L of methane gas CH 4 CN, using 200g
    oxygen. The reaction produces carbon dioxide and water
    . A) Which reactant is in excess moles
    and how many left? B) Calculate the grams of carbon dioxide
    to be obtained. Atomic masses: C = 12u;
    O = 16U. Sun: 137.5 g 0.375 moles

    
    

burn Al
0'42 g of an oil is produced _{1'32 g of CO 2}
and 0,54 g water. If the density relative to air is 1.45, calculated
molecular formula. (Hint:
average molecular mass of air = 28'8 u) (Sun: C _{3 H} 6)

In the fuel
n of 0'785 g
an organic compound formed by C, H and O, are obtained _{1'5g CO 2 and}
0'921 g of water. To vaporize 0'206 g of compound 108 is evicted
mL of air measured over water at 14 º C and 756 mm Hg
. Find the molecular formula of the compound. (Hint:
vapor pressure of water at 14 º C is 12 mm Hg) (Sol (C H 2 O 6).

By analyzing an organic compound results:
40'7% C; 5.1% and 54'2% H O.
solution formed by 11.8 g of compost and 200 mL of water freezes at 93 º C.
-0 Find its molecular formula. (Soln: 4
C 6 H _O 4)

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GET THE PERIODIC TABLE

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My opinion about the book, LABYRINTH

The book I found quite interesting, has taught me things I did not know mathematics and made me know better to serve and how to use math.
And the truth is that it is better to learn math so that by studying issues, because you entertain more. And the pictures that come in the book I have clarified a lot, because there were some things in the book that reading them could not understand, but seeing them in the drawing itself.
From what I found most interesting, perhaps the evolution of the numbers, how they started writing ... that's what impressed me most because I never had imagined.

Greetings Sergio Vizuete

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One thing that I was very clear when reading the book, is: Why
not lost in the maze? And the answer is something that I did not understand math.

Waiting your answers to my question:


Jose Antonio

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SQUARE, BUT NO MAGIC

Everyone knows (?) A chessboard has 64 squares (squares) in two colors. The problem that I propose is to count the number of squares on that board.

abordéis For the problem you have better chances to to develop a strategy. The strategy that is used mathematical problem solving, similar but simpler. For

sa hand work.

I hope your strategies and results.

Later there will be more tracks. Adolfo

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Who knows where they are magic squares? MAGIC SQUARE

The magic that appeared on the back of the turtle to Alice also appeared in the same way to Lo Shu in China in the III millennium BC according to Chinese legend, also the oldest magic square Europe appears in the work of Albrecht Dürer, Melancholia, painted in 1514

Julian Béjar Adrados

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A magic square is, for example, when you create a square divided into nine squares and get the boxes have numbers 1 to 9 so that all rows, columns and diagonals add up what it's like square mismo.Este image the mirror of another, can be obtained from a single model with money or ideas, basically iguales.Con numbers 1 to 16 can be 880 magic squares of order four different.

We find it surprising and magical ... haha \u200b\u200bjust kidding. What do you think?

Neil and Angela Marquez Caraballo

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MY OPINION ABOUT THE BOOK

The book I found interesting, we discover great secrets of mathematics that are accompanied by explanatory illustrations of different "tests" through which they pass. I had already read once, but after reading it a second time, I understood and understand better. In short, the book is pretty good.

Kind regards:

Adrián Pérez

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Magic Squares

Magic squares are a part of mathematics very entertaining, as well as learn from them a trick to impress others, to while, you learn things about math. These squares must follow a rule: all the numbers of each diagonal and each row must sum to the same numerical quantity. In addition, there are several squares of different sizes and numerical quantities: some all numbers in a diagonal or a column added, for example, nine, and in others the amount will be different. In this square each diagonal row or each added fifteen:

For me it was one of the most enjoyable parts of the book, I found out that mathematics is used for many things.

Signed: Serafin Sanchez Carmona

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The magic square is a square of a number of boxes in which they must place numbers (the number of boxes that have the magic square) and all columns, rows and diagonals must add up the same. Alicia

PM and Cristina RP

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The Magic Square Magic Square

signs of tortoise shell represented 1 to 9, with black and white dots were a magic square. "And what is this for? Really easy, is to make the rows, columns and diagonals add up the same and calculated with the Gauss small trick.
A greeting: Fatima Chavez and Rosa M ª Domínguez.

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multiply by zero

Hello! good as we have said that you write something and do it.
Nothing in the book quotes a phrase familiar to all of habersela heard Bart in "The Simpsons" and is "multiply by zero" actually makes sense because ... Who wants to multiply by zero? for no one and it's nothing and nobody wants to be multiplied by nada.Bueno because nothing here is my entry for you to do feedback as we are doing around the world.

Laura Marín Lucas.

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My opinion about the book

This book and read it at school but I do not remember anything. With this reading I have retained most things but some are olvidandoseme. I found interesting, it has things good as the mathemagician or minovaca. Some things will not stop me much to think about but in general the book is well.

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THE ORIGIN OF NUMBERS

to one of the most complicated subjects in origin rather than simple. But the world is so big, each started in a different way: the Roman numerals and Arabic numerals.
This was a man who had a herd ... (and Believe it or not we are talking about numbers ...)
It turns out that sometimes eluded him ...
How raízes were invented, the inequalities ,...? From a flock of sheep.
of Mary L.

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My opinion about the book

This book has been quite entertaining, and anyone that tells a story from the point view of mathematics. It has very good details, such as Minovaca, magic squares and the labyrinth. We also discover that mathematics is itself used to many things and can change the minds of anyone who is against mathematics. In short, this book useful and entertaining time. A greeting.

Expósito Pablo José Montilla

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MY OPINION ABOUT THE BOOK

Hello. This book I found quite interesting and also very fun and although the math is not my favorite subject, I realized that they are more helpful than I thought.
A Greeting From Fatima Chavez Bermudez.

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practical Were the bowls?

Al pastor telling a single sheep it is very easy, even five, but the problem is that the number of sheep over 10. The pastor picked up a bowl and for every ten sheep had got a stone in the bowl when the bowl was ten stone, I put one in another bowl, and so in that bowl tubiera other ten got another rock in another bowl .

This method is easier for us to have, especially when the shepherd could not count more than 10, which was a form of non-Liars and so have all told their flocks.
What do you think of this method to tell? Would you useful?

Inma Olmo and Ana López Rendón Lorente

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is a square where the sum of its diagonal is equal to the sum of any row of the square. In the book, the magic square appears in the shell of a turtle. The mathemagician explained as making one, telling her to be careful with the numbers 1 in the end zone. In a magic square, the sum of any row is what is called the square constant and is represented with k . In the book mathemagician taught him to make a magic square of 9 squares, 3x3.

Signed: José Antonio CC

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magic squares and its wonders Zero

says Bart Simpsons multiply by zero because it is the way to tell anyone forget it, because anything multiplied by zero is multiplied by anything. As in the book, when the "card 0", a very funny character who was afraid to enter the maze of minovaca, arrives at the place where all the cards and all these are hidden because they were afraid that the queen multiplied with the "card 0". In conclusion, the number zero is used to make disappear the next.

Signed: SC

Serafin

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My opinion about the book

I think the book is a very entertaining way of explaining things very curious mathematics. Above all, the minovaca is one of the characters I like because it explains what the multiplication table in a very simple and, above all, the mathemagician is the character I love to have you always next to you to tell me everything do not understand, because if teachers explain mathematics from the beginning as it all would be easier. Indeed, at first the book seems boring but it reads fast because it teaches you that mathematics is fun.

FRMD: SC

Serafin